E-mail: Send an e-mail
Introduction. One of the main reasons for the tension of interethnic interaction in Russia is the difficulty of adapting a migrant to a new environment. The psychological problems that accompany the acculturation of migrants lead to the desire to isolate themselves from the indigenous population of the country, which is perceived as a threat. The purpose of the article is to summarize the results of the study of the characteristics of ethnic alienation of the individual.
Materials and methods. The main research methods are the analysis of scientific literature devoted to the problem of ethnic alienation; testing by means of diagnostic techniques; methods of statistical data processing: correlation analysis (R-Pearson correlation criterion) to identify significant correlation relationships of variables, single-factor analysis of variance to identify dependencies.
Results. The analysis of Russian and foreign researches on the problem of ethnic alienation is carried out. The definition of ethnic alienation is given — such relations of the subject with the environment in which the migrant opposes himself to the new ethnic environment, experi-encing feelings of isolation and rejection, hostility towards other indivi-duals, groups and in General the entire ethnic community to which he ar-rived. The main characteristics of ethnic alienation are defined: social dis-adaptation, depression and disharmony of personality, nostalgia and long-ing for native culture, individualism, identification with native ethnos.
Discussion. The experience of modern researches of influence of ethnic alienation of the person on interethnic tension, destructiveness of intercultural contacts, social and economic processes in the countries is resulted.
Conclusion. The results of the empirical research are summarized, the main socio-psychological regularities of ethnic alienation are
formulated. It is concluded that the difficulties of adaptation of migrants to the new socio-cultural environment are associated with an increase in the level of ethnic alienation and unsuccessful attempts to cope with feelings of loneliness, isolation and powerlessness, which opens the field for new research related to the psychological prevention of ethical alienation.
alienation; ethnic alienation; adaptation; integration; identity; socio-cultural environment
The definition of ethnic alienation is given on the basis of an in-depth analysis of scientific and research literature;
An empirical study was conducted, which highlighted the main characteristics of ethnic alienation: social disadaptation; depression, disharmony of personality; nostalgia, longing for their native culture; individualism;
The main socio-psychological patterns characteristic of ethnic alienation are formulated.
1. Atlas novykh professiy [Atlas of new professions]. Agentstvo strategicheskikh initsiativ, Moskovskaya shkola upravleniya “SKOLKOVO”, Moscow, 168 p. URL: http://www.skolkovo.ru/public/media/documents/research/sedec/SKOLKOVO_SEDeC_Atlas.pdf (Accessed: 18.01.2019). (In Russian).
2. Pochebut L.G. (2012), Kross-kul'turnaya i etnicheskaya psikhologiya [Cross-cultural and ethnic psychology]. Izdatel'stvo “ Piter”, St. Petersburg, 336 p. (In Russian).
3. Bashmanovskaya J.V. (2014), Preodolenie social'nogo otchuzhdenija kak uslovie vyhoda iz sostojanija odinochestva [Overcoming social exclusion as a condition for getting out of loneliness]. Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pedagogika. Filologiya. Filosofiya. 6 (2), 25–30. (In Russian).
4. Guseva I.S. (2014), Oprosnik jekspress-diagnostiki otchuzhdennosti lichnosti i ego aprobacija [Questionnaire for express-diagnostics of personality alienation and its approbation]. Vestnik Ural'skogo instituta ehkonomiki, upravleniya i prava. 3 (28), 66–71. (In Russian).
5. Smoleva E.O. (2016) Social'noe otchuzhdenie: analiz teoreticheskih podhodov [Social exclusion: analysis of theoretical approaches]. Voprosy territorial'nogo razvitiya. 4 (34), 1–14. (In Russian).
6. Heath O. (2018), “Policy alienation, social alienation and working-class abstention in Britain, 1964–2010”, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1053–1073.
7. Safipour J., Schopflocher D., Higginbottom G. & Emami A. (2011), “Feelings of social alienation: a comparison of immigrant and non-immigrant Swedish youth”, International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 31, no. 7/8, pp. 456–468.
8. Maksimchuk E.D. (2016) Primenenie programmy social'no-psihologicheskogo soprovozhdeniya mezhkul'turnoj adaptacii inostrannyh studentov [The application of the program of socio-psychological support for cross-cultural adaptation of foreign students]. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 4, 171–175. (In Russian).
9. Ellis J.M., Rowley L.L. & Nellum C.J. (2018), “From alienation to efficacy: An examination of racial identity and racial academic stereotypes among Black male adolescents”, Urban Education, vol. 53 (7), pp. 899–928.
10. Scherbinin A.A., Popolzina L.P., Voronchikhina M.V. (2010) Preodolenie «otchuzhdeniya» (otherization) v ramkah processa obucheniya mezhkul'turnoj kommunikacii [Overcoming Otherization in the framework of the process of learning intercultural communication]. Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta kul'tury i iskusstv. 13, 125–130. (In Russian).
11. Topilskaya O.A. (2014) Restoring balance in the psychological converse of alienation-identification as a way of overcoming alienation [Restoring balance in the psychological converse of alienation-identification as a way of overcoming alienation]. Social'no-ehkonomicheskie yavleniya i process. 3 (061), 236–242. (In Russian).
12. Tanti C., Stukas A. A., Halloran M. J. & Foddy M. (2011), “Social identity change: Shifts in social identity during adolescence”, Journal of adolescence “Elsevier”, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 555–567.
13. Psychology Education and Training From Culture-Specific and multiracial Perspectives (Critical issues and recommendations) (2009), American Psychological Association. Council of National Psychological Associations for the Advancement of Ethnic Minority Interests, Washington, DC, 52 p. Available at: https://www.apa.org/pi/oema/resources/education-training.pdf (Accessed: 14.01.2019).
14. Gorbachev O. (2018), “Migrants and the Russian State in the 20th Century: Opportunities and Limitations”, Quaestio Rossica.. 1. pp. 240–248. DOI: 10.15826/qr.2018.1.293.
15. Ifeagwazi C.M., Chukwuorji J.C. & Zacchaeus E. (2015), “Alienation and Psychological Wellbeing: Moderation by Resilience”, Social Indicators Research, no. 120 (2). Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269820735_Alienation_and_Psychological_Wellbeing_Moderation_by_Resilience (Accessed: 14.01.2019).
16. Kuprina T.V. & Sandler M. (2015), “Common and specific features of migration flows in Russia, CIS and far abroad”, Economy of Region, 2. 194–207. DOI:10.17059/2015-2-16.
17. Merenkov A. & Antonova N. (2015), “Problems of Social Adaptation of International Students in Russia”, New Educational Review,. 3, pp. 122–132. DOI:10.15804/tner.2015.41.3.10.
18. Wang W.W. & Fan C.C. (2012), “Migrant workers' integration in urban China: Experiences in employment, social adaptation, and self-identity”, Eurasian Geography and Economics, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 731–749.
19. Neto F.P.S., Pshenko K.A., Yakushkina M.S. (2011) Sociokul'turnaya i pravovaya adaptaciya migrantov kak faktor stabilizacii migracionnyh potokov v SNG [Socio-cultural and legal adaptation of migrants as a factor in stabilizing migration flows in the CIS]. Naukaiobrazovanie. Pedagogika2(27), 104–108. (In Russian).